H2S

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Hydrogen Sulphide Emissions and Safety


Hydrogen sulphide (HS) is produced when manure undergoes anaerobic (absence of oxygen) fermentation. Hydrogen sulphide is produced continuously in all un-aerated manure storage systems, including shallow barn gutters, underground storage tanks
or outside manure storages.

Hydrogen sulphide is considered both an odour nuisance and a health hazard. Hydrogen sulphide is a deadly gas if people are exposed to a high concentration. It is also a
corrosive gas, which can cause corrosion and deterioration of concrete structures of livestock buildings and equipment.

The concentration of hydrogen sulphide is usually very low in livestock buildings compared with other gases like ammonia, but when manure stored inside livestock
buildings is agitated, large amounts of H2S can be released in a short time.

Characteristics

Hydrogen sulphide is heavier than air, soluble in water,
and can accumulate in underground pits and unventilated
areas of livestock buildings. It has a rotten-egg odour and
can be easily detected at low concentrations (well below
one part per million in air).

Table 1. Hydrogen sulphide and health hazards

Concentration (ppm) Health Response

0.01 - 0.7 least detectable odour
3 - 5 offensive odour
10 eye irritation
20 irritation to mucous membranes and lungs
50 - 100 irritation of respiratory tract
150 nose nerve paralysis
200 headache, dizziness
500 - 600 nausea, excitement,
unconsciousness
700 - 2,000 fatal